本帖最后由 环保志愿 于 2013-7-3 15:26 编辑
By Jeff Mason and Mark Felsenthal PRETORIA | Sat Jun 29, 2013 11:16pm EDT
(Reuters) - The United States does not feel threatened by the growth of trade and investment in Africa by China and other emerging powers, U.S. President Barack Obama said on Saturday. Suggestions that he has allowed China to steal a march over the United States in doing business with Africa have dogged Obama's three-nation swing through the continent, but he said the increased Chinese engagement was beneficial for all. "I don't feel threatened by it. I feel it's a good thing," Obama told a news conference during a visit to South Africa. The more countries invest in Africa, the more the world's least developed continent can be integrated into the global economy, the first African-American U.S. president said. "I want everybody playing in Africa. The more the merrier." China has greatly expanded its reach in Africa since the start of the new century. It overtook the United States as Africa's largest trading partner in 2009, a February report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) showed. China's advantage in trade stems mostly from how much it sells to Africa. Chinese exports to the continent in 2011 were almost triple the level of U.S. exports. When it comes to investment flows, however, the picture is different. Data for 2007-2011 suggest U.S. foreign investment flows to the region were larger than China's, the GAO said. "China's role as an investor, aid donor and financier is not outsized," Johns Hopkins University China scholar Deborah Brautigam wrote recently. "Although Western countries fret about China's growing role in Africa, the United States alone disbursed more official finance to African countries than China did in 2010." Still, China's influence looms large over the continent, partly because it has been so aggressive in its courtship. Beijing and Washington should be partners in Africa to foster development and peace, said an official Chinese commentary after Obama's made his remarks. Obama's stops in South Africa and Tanzania mirror a visit in March by then newly named Chinese President Xi Jinping, which could be seen as rivalry between the two superpowers on the African continent, state-run news agency Xinhua said. "This mentality belongs to the past. It results from the West's biased perception of China's role in Africa," Xinhua said. "It also misses the bigger picture in which Beijing and Washington, instead of being competitors undermining each other's efforts, can actually work as partners in promoting Africa's development." RESTING ON ITS LAURELS? Obama's visit to Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania will bring to four the number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa that the U.S. president has visited in the last four years. He stopped briefly in Ghana in his first term. In contrast, Chinese presidents and vice presidents have visited 30 African countries over the same period, said Mwangi Kimenyi, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington. There is also a sense that the United States may be resting on its laurels. "There hasn't really been a presence of U.S. companies since 1994, taking advantage of the new opportunities," Haroon Bhorat, a professor at the University of Cape Town said recently, speaking of South Africa. "So, you've seen new emerging markets entering into other emerging markets like South Africa and taking advantage of economic opportunities in a way where the U.S., already with a foothold, arguably hasn't done enough." Obama's aides have argued that he has had two wars and a deep economic crisis to deal with since he took office in 2009. Obama has also said that U.S. interactions with Africa have included goals of social and political development, unlike those of China, which he said were more narrowly focused on commercial benefits. "A lot of people are pleased that China is involved in Africa," he told reporters travelling with him on Friday. "On the other hand, they recognize that China's primary interest is being able to obtain access for natural resources in Africa to feed the manufacturers in export-driven policies of the Chinese economy." That relationship makes Africa an exporter of raw materials but does not create jobs in Africa and is not a sustainable model over the long-term, he added. In Pretoria on Saturday, Obama urged African nations to be tougher negotiators in accepting investments from abroad. "You produce the raw materials, sold cheap and then all the way up the chain somebody else is making the money and creating the jobs and the value," he said. "Make sure that whoever you're dealing with ... you're getting a good deal that's benefiting the people here and that can help to spur on broad-based development." (Additional reporting by Terrill Yue Jones in Beijing, Writing by Pascal Fletcher and Mark Felsenthal, Editing by Gareth Jones and Michael Perry)
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翻译软件翻译的，没有校核过，请读者自行辨别：
（路透社） - 美国并不感到威胁，中国在非洲的贸易和投资的增长和其他新兴大国，美国总统奥巴马说，上周六。
建议，他已经让中国窃取行军超过美国与非洲做生意一直困扰着奥巴马的三个国家通过大陆摆动，但他说，对所有有利于提高中国参与。
奥巴马说：“我不觉得它的威胁，我觉得这是一个很好的事情，访问南非期间的新闻发布会上。
越来越多的国家在非洲的投资，更多的是世界上最不发达的大陆可以整合到全球经济，第一位非洲裔的美国总统说。
“我希望大家在非洲玩。越多越好。”
新世纪开始以来，中国已经大大扩大了其覆盖在非洲。超越美国成为非洲最大的贸易伙伴，2009年，2月由美国政府问责办公室（GAO）的报告显示。
中国的原因大多是从多少销售到非洲的贸易优势。在2011年中国大陆出口美国出口的近三倍的水平。
当谈到投资流向，不过，画面是不同的。 2007-2011年的数据表明美国外国投资流入该地区均大于中国的，高说。
“中国作为一个投资者，援助国和金融家的作用是不丰厚，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的中国问题学者的Deborah Brautigam最近写道。
“虽然西方国家担心中国在非洲日益重要的角色，仅在美国支付更多的官方融资向非洲国家比中国在2010年做的。”
尽管如此，中国的影响力织机在大陆大，部分原因是因为它一直在其求爱如此咄咄逼人。
北京和华盛顿应该是在非洲的合作伙伴，以促进发展与和平说，中国官方发表他的言论后，奥巴马的评论。
奥巴马停止在南非和坦桑尼亚3月访问镜像通过那么新命名的中国国家主席习近平，它可以被看作是非洲大陆上的两个超级大国之间的竞争，国营通讯社新华社说。
“这种心态是属于过去的，它起因于西方的偏见的看法，中国在非洲的作用，”记者说。“ “它也错过了在北京和华盛顿，而不是被竞争对手破坏对方的努力，实际上可以工作在促进非洲发展合作伙伴的大局观。”
故步自封？
奥巴马访问塞内加尔，南非和坦桑尼亚将带来4个在撒哈拉以南的非洲国家的数量在过去的四年中，美国总统先后走访。在他的第一任期内，他简要地停止在加纳。
相比之下，中国的校长，副校长访问了30个非洲国家在同一时期，Kimenyi姆旺吉说，在华盛顿布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institution）高级研究员。
也有从某种意义上说，美国可能会故步自封。
“有没有真正得到了在场的美国公司自1994年以来，利用新的机遇，”哈龙Bhorat，在开普敦大学教授说，最近南非发言。
“那么，你已经看到了新兴市场进入其他新兴市场，如南非和美国，已经与一个立足点，可以说还没有做足够的方式利用经济机会。”
奥巴马的助手们说，他有过两次战争和严重的经济危机，自他2009年上任以来处理。
奥巴马还表示，美国与非洲的互动，包括社会和政治发展的目标，不像中国，他说，更狭隘地集中于商业利益。
“中国参与非洲很多人很高兴，”他告诉记者，上周五他一起旅行。
“另一方面，他们认识到，中国的主要利益是能够获得在非洲的自然资源养活厂家在出口导向型的中国经济政策。”
这种关系使非洲原材料的出口，但不会在非洲创造就业机会，并在长期是不可持续的模式，“他补充说。
在比勒陀利亚上周六，奥巴马呼吁非洲国家更强硬的谈判代表在接受来自国外的投资。
“你生产的原料，低价销售，然后一路同比环比别人让钱生钱，创造就业机会和价值，”他说。
“确保，无论你正在处理...你得到一个很好的协议，得益于这里的人，可以帮助刺激基础广泛的发展。”
（由特里尔悦琼斯在北京的其他报告，由帕斯卡尔·弗莱彻和马克Felsenthal的写作，编辑加雷思·琼斯与迈克尔·佩里）
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